M

Malnutrition includes deficiency, excess or imbalance of energy, protein and/or other nutrients. In clinical practice, undernutrition is the typical focus resulting from reduced food intake/assimilation or disease burden/inflammation leading to altered body composition and diminished function.

A glucose polymer that contains six to 12 glucose molecules and exerts lesser osmotic effects compared with glucose. It is used in a variety of sports drinks as the main source of carbohydrate.

Marginalization is the social exclusion or stigmatizing groups or individuals.

Includes the traditional forms of media such as television, radio, newspapers and magazines as well as, but not limited to, the contemporary music videos, music lyrics, video games, movies, web pages and text messaging.

Mast cells play an important role in the body's allergic response. Mast cells are present in most body tissues, but are particularly numerous in connective tissue, such as the dermis (innermost layer) of skin. In an allergic response, an allergen stimulates the release of antibodies, which attach themselves to mast cells. Following subsequent allergen exposure, the mast cells release substances such as histamine (a chemical responsible for allergic symptoms) into the tissue.

mean cell volume

Average intake of a particular nutrient or food for a group or population of individuals. Also average intake of a nutrient or food over two or more days for an individual.

A classification of foods made from vegetable proteins, nuts, or processed poultry or fish designed to imitate or be used in place of beef, pork, poultry, and dairy products.

A list of reporters and/or editors strategically chosen to reach a specific audience to the person or story being pitched.

Media literacy is the ability to apply critical thinking skills to analyze media messages in order to understand and assess their meaning.

Source: Truman E, Bischoff M, Elliott C. Which literacy for health promotion: health, food, nutrition or media? Health Promot Int. 2020 Apr 1;35(2):432-444. Doi: 10.1093/heapro/daz007. PMID: 30793740.

The median, is defined as "the middle value of the relevant set of data". The median is the value that divides the set of data in half, 50 percent of the measurement being above it and 50 percent being below it.

Medical nutrition therapy by a dietitian typically involves multiple sessions incorporating the four steps of the nutrition care process: nutrition assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring and evaluation. This process allows the dietitian to collaborate with a client to develop an individualized plan.

Source: Dudzik JM, Senkus KE, Evert AB, Raynor HA, Rozga M, Handu D, Moloney LM. The effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy provided by a dietitian in adults with prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Sep 9:S0002-9165(23)66120-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.08.022. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37689140.

Medicalization is the phenomenon whereby common human variations come to be defined as a medical problem, needing medical treatment.

A “failure of adequate trials of two tolerated, appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drug schedules (whether as monotherapies or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom”.

Source: Kwan P, Arzimanoglou A, Berg AT, Brodie MJ, Hauser WA, Mathern G, et al. Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc task force of the ILAE commission on therapeutic strategies. Epilepsia 2010 Jun:51(6):1069-77.

The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high intake of vegetables, fruit, legumes, nuts, non-refined cereals and olive oil, a moderate intake of alcohol, a low to moderate intake of dairy products, fish, poultry and a low intake of red meat and refined sugar.

Source: Papadaki A, Nolen-Doerr E, Mantzoros CS. The Effect of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials in Adults. Nutrients. 2020 Oct 30;12(11):3342. doi: 10.3390/nu12113342. PMID: 33143083; PMCID: PMC7692768.

Low red blood cell count, characterized by the presence in the blood of large, immature, nucleated cells (megaloblasts) that are forerunners of red blood cells. Red blood cells, when mature, have no nucleus.

A trusted counsellor, guide or advisor. Mentors are not typically involved in evaluation of learners unless in a formal facilitated mentoring program.

The process of a mentor/mentee partnership with the more experienced person serving as a guide or advisor to the less experienced person.

The provision of information on calories, fat, sodium and other selected nutrients in menu items at point of purchase.

"A statistical technique for quantitatively combining the results of multiple studies that measure the same outcome into a single pooled or summary estimate".

Source: JAMAevidence. JAMAevidence glossary. American Medical Association; 2021.

The term metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a replacement term for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Source: Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, Francque SM, Sanyal AJ, Kanwal F, Romero D, Abdelmalek MF, Anstee QM, Arab JP, Arrese M, Bataller R, Beuers U, Boursier J, Bugianesi E, Byrne C, Castro Narro GE, Chowdhury A, Cortez-Pinto H, Cryer D, Cusi K, El-Kassas M, Klein S, Eskridge W, Fan J, Gawrieh S, Guy CD, Harrison SA, Kim SU, Koot B, Korenjak M, Kowdley K, Lacaille F, Loomba R, Mitchell-Thain R, Morgan TR, Powell E, Roden M, Romero-Gómez M, Silva M, Singh SP, Sookoian SC, Spearman CW, Tiniakos D, Valenti L, Vos MB, Wai-Sun Wong V, Xanthakos S, Yilmaz Y, Younossi Z, Hobbs A, Villota-Rivas M, Newsome PN; NAFLD Nomenclature consensus group. A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol. 2023 Jun 20:S0168-8278(23)00418-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.06.003. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37364790. Abstract available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37364790/

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the presence of hepatic steatosis in conjunction with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (e.g. elevated waist circumference, blood glucose, blood pressure or dyslipidemia). The term MetALD is used to describe individuals with MASLD who consume greater amounts of alcohol (>140 g/week for women and >210 g/week for men). MASLD was previously referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcohol-related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

Metabolic syndrome is a collection of risk factors (at least three of the following: large waist circumference, high blood pressure, high fasting blood glucose, high serum triglycerides, low serum HDL cholesterol) that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease beyond what is expected from individual risk factors.

Source: Cardiometabolic Risk Working Group: Executive Committee, Leiter LA, Fitchett DH, Gilbert RE, Gupta M, Mancini GB, McFarlane PA, et al. Cardiometabolic risk in Canada: a detailed analysis and position paper by the cardiometabolic risk working group. Can J Cardiol. 2011 Mar-Apr;27(2):e1-e33. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2010.12.054. PMID: 21459257.

"The term "Métis" is used broadly to describe people with mixed First Nation and European ancestry who identify themselves as Métis, distinct from Indian, Inuit or non-Indigenous people."

Source: Government of Canada. Métis Genealogy. 2020 Sept 9. Available from: https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/aboriginal-heritage/metis/Pages/metis-genealogy.aspx

Pertaining to abnormally small red blood cell present especially as in microcytic anemias

A symptom complex occurring periodically that s characterized by pain in the head, nausea and vomiting, vertigo, photophobia, and scintillating appearances of light. Migraine subtypes include classic migraine, common migraine, cluster headache, hemiplegic migraine, ophthalmoplegic migraine, and ophthalmic migraine.

An individual who experiences migraines.

An individual who experiences migraines.

Associated with the presence of autonomic symptoms and the ability to self-treat.

Mild dehydration is when some deficits or abnormalities in laboratory values exist but they do not seriously impair an individual''s circulation, organ function or level of functioning. Moderate dehydration is when some deficits or laboratory abnormalities exist that impair or are likely to impair circulation or organ function but are not immediately life threatening.

no more than 1 drink a day and no more than 7 drinks a week where one standard drink is considered 1 bottle (350 mL/12 oz.) of 5% beer, 150 mL/5 oz. of 10-14% wine or 50 mL/1 1/2 oz. 40 % alcohol spirits

Associated with the presence of autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms and the ability to self-treat.

factors which increase risk of a certain disease or disorder that can be adjusted by the individual. They include smoking, inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, excessive weight

A descriptive term of or relating to an inheritable characteristic that is influenced by a single gene.

BMI of 40 or greater, or BMI of 35 or greater in the presence of significant co-morbidities

Any of a group of glycoproteins found especially in the secretions of mucous membranes.

Nutrition counselling which involves a nutrition professional and a client who are from different cultures.

a form of intensive therapy using an intermediate- or long-acting insulin, or extended long-acting insulin analogue once or twice daily as the basal insulin, and a fast-acting or rapid-acting insulin analogue as the bolus insulin for food intake at each meal. This type of insulin regime permits adjustment of insulin doses for variable carbohydrate intake.

Any supplement containing three or more vitamins or minerals, but no herbs, hormones or drugs, with each component at a level less than the tolerable upper intake level (UL).

Relating to the subfamily Murinae, which includes mice and rats.

Mycoprotein is the main constituent of Quorn™ a high protein, high fibre food made from fungi.

A red iron-containing protein pigment in muscles that is similar to hemoglobin but differs in the globin portion of its molecule

A major contractile protein in muscle found in thick filaments.