Information in this section pertains to all global PEN® partners except where country flags are
visible. Click on the flag(s) for country-specific information. If a country flag is not listed, there is
no information specific to that country.
Liver or hepatic disease/disorders refers to a variety of conditions that can affect and damage the liver
(1). Over time, scarring (cirrhosis) can occur, and if left untreated, can lead to liver failure
(1).
These disorders may occur from a variety of causes including viruses (e.g. hepatitis A, B and C), parasites, drugs, toxins including alcohol, ischemia, inherited conditions such as Wilson’s disease and hemochromatosis, fat accumulation, autoimmune disorders, cancer and