Information in this section pertains to all global PEN® partners except where country flags are
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Disease Etiology
Treatment‐related diarrhea is one of the most common and troublesome adverse effects related to chemotherapy or radiotherapy in individuals with cancer (1). Chemotherapy can lead to pronounced crypt ablation, villous blunting and epithelial atrophy in the small and large intestines, resulting in mucosal damage and degeneration (2). These effects result in the loss of absorptive surfaces in the intestine. Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) can be a form or a byproduct of